Downstream of Lake Albert, the Nile is called Albert Nile. In Uganda, it flows in northern direction until it reaches Sudan.

In Sudan, the Nile flows under the name of Bahr al-Dschabal, which means “mountain river” in Arabic, to the city of Bur. There, it flows into the Sudd. The Sudd is a large swampland in Sudan where about 53 % of the water evaporates.

After leaving the Sudd, the Bahr al-Dschabal flows together with the Bahr al-Dschabal flows together with the Bahr al-Ghazāl into Lake No and becomes the White Nile. The White Nile flows on eastwards, passes the city Malakal, where it is joined by the Jonglei channel and the tributary of the Sobat. From there, it flows on in northern direction towards Khartoum and Omdurman where it joins the Blue Nile that comes from south-eastern direction, from Ethiopia.

From Khartoum downstream, the river is called Nahr an-Nīl, in Arabic “Nile River”. It flows by expanded steppes and desert landscapes, meandering in northern direction. It passes the Nubian Desert on its right bank and reaches Lake Nasser, dammed up by the Aswan dam. Afterwards, the Nile crosses the border from Sudan to Egypt. It flows through Egypt from north to south up to the Mediterranean Sea. In the desert areas, the Nile represents a vital river oasis that extends all along its banks and that is agriculturally exploitable. The river oasis is between 5 and 20 km broad. Since the building of the Aswan dam, continuous irrigation is possible. But the dam holds back suspended matters and sediments that contain valuable nutrients. Due to the lack of natural inundations, these nutritients no longer reach the soil along the river banks. In order to achieve fertility, the soil needs to be be fertilized. Another negative impact is that the salination of the soils increased.